Fast UpToDate update: Qual melhor dieta para perda de peso? Mediterrânea? Pobre carbohidratos? Pobre em gorduras?

Fast UpToDate update - atualizações recentes no UpToDate 

Qual melhor dieta para perda de peso? 

Mediterrânea? Pobre carbohidratos? Pobre em gorduras?

Em resumo: são semelhantes.
Ênfase em preferências do paciente, evitar açúcar refinado, carnes processadas, alto teor de sódio e gordura trans.

Mediterranean compared with low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss

The impact of specific dietary composition on weight change remains uncertain. In a systematic review of five trials with follow-up ≥12 months, a Mediterranean diet resulted in similar weight loss (-4.1 to -10.1 kg) as a low-carbohydrate diet (-4.7 to -7.7 kg) and greater weight loss than a low-fat diet (2.9 to -5 kg) [4]. There was a similar reduction in lipid levels among the diets studied. The degree of adherence to the diet, irrespective of the particular macronutrient composition, is an important determinant of weight loss. We suggest choosing a diet or eating plan based upon patient preferences, which may improve long-term adherence. The diet should emphasize reductions in refined carbohydrates, processed meats, foods high in sodium and trans fat and higher intakes of fruits, nuts, fish, vegetables, and whole grains.

See 'Obesity in adults: Dietary therapy', section on 'Weight loss diets'.

4. Mancini JG, Filion KB, Atallah R, Eisenberg MJ. Systematic Review of the Mediterranean Diet for Long-Term Weight Loss. Am J Med 2016; 129:407.